A STUDY ON THE MANUFACTURE AND USE OF BITUMEN EMULSION IN GRAVEL ROADS
Mayank Chandra, Er. Naveen Saharan
Abstract
Soil is considered to be most basic construction material that has good shear strength due to the cohesion and internal friction among the soil solid particles. But due to much heavy loads coming from bridges, buildings etc. even soils having good shear strength can fail resulting in subsequent failure of the structures due to differential settlement. Many attempts have been made by numerous scholars in the history to increase the strength of soil by different methods including addition of lime, cement etc. Recent research is being carried to use non-traditional materials like Bitumen Emulsions etc. for improving the properties of soil. Bitumen Emulsions are usually dispersions of minute droplets of bitumen in water i.e. oil in water emulsions and are used to improve the cohesive strength of granular, low cohesion, low plasticity materials. They can also improve the integrity of road base, sub-base or sub-grade materials by resisting the damage caused by water. The final strength of roadway is developed as the mixture cools. Alternatively, the bitumen is diluted with petroleum solvents like kerosene until fluid and the final strength of the material only develops when the solvent evaporates. Bitumen emulsions provide an alternative approach in which the bitumen is liquefied by dispersing in water. Emulsions can be used with cold and wet aggregates, the final strength of the road material develops as the emulsions ‘sets’ – reverts to a continuous bitumen phase – and water is lost.
References
1. Alayaki, F. M., Bajomo, O. S. (2011), Effect of Moisture Variation on the Strength 2. Characteristics of Laterite soil. Proceedings of the Environmental Management Conference, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. 3. A. Hodgkinson., A.T. Visser (2004), University of Pretoria and Concor Roads (Pty) Ltd, The role of fillers and cementitious binders when recycling with foamed bitumen or bitumen emulsion. 4. Cokca.E. Erol, O., Armangil. (2004), “Effects of compaction moisture content on the shear strength of an unsaturated clay”, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 5. Chauhan. (2010),” a laboratory study on effect of test conditions on subgrade strength”. Unpublished B.Tech Thesis, N.I.T Rourkela. 6. Consoli, N. C., Prietto, P. D. M., Carroro, J. A. H., and Heineck, K. S.(2001). “Behavior of compacted soil-fly ash-carbide lime mixture.”J. Geotech. Geoenvironment Eng., 127(9), 774–782. 7. D. Jones., A. Rahim., S. Saadeh., and J.T. Harvey (2012), Guide lines for the Stabilization of Subgrade Soils In California, Guideline: UCPRC-GL-2010-01 8. Gregory Paul Makusa. (2012), Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural resources engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden. 9. Jaleel, Z. T.(2011), Effect of Soaking on the CBR-Value of Sub base Soil. Eng. and Tech. journal, vol.29. 10. Ìouratidis A.(2004), Stabilization of pavements with fly-ash, Proceedings of the Conference on Use of industrial by-products in road construction, Thessaloniki, 47-57. 11. Nugroho, S.A., Hendri, A., Ningsih, S. R. (2012), Correlation between index properties and California bearing ratio test of pekanbaru soils with and without soaked. Canadian Journal on Environmental, Construction and Civil Engineering Vol. 3,Indonesia 12. Punmia B.C., Jain A.K, Jain A.K (2004), Soil Mechanics and Foundation, Laxmi Publications, New Delhi 16th edition. 13. Tomar and Mallick. (2011), “a study on variation of test conditions on CBR determination” Unpublished B.Tech Thesi...